1) Magnetic Field: A field that can be described by the force acting on moving charged particles that is related to the motion of charged particles and the charge they carry.
2) Magnetic Polarization: A vector associated with the volume of the taken material, the value of which is equal to the ratio of the total magnetic dipole moment within the volume of the material to the corresponding volume.
3)Reluctivity: Reciprocal of permeability.
4)Magnetostriction: Elastic deformation of a magnetic material or object due to the change in the magnetization state.
5) Diamagnetism: A phenomenon that under the action of an external magnetic field, the atomic system obtains or tends to obtain a magnetic moment opposite to the direction of the magnetic field.
6)Paramagnetism: A phenomenon that at the atomic scale, the magnetic moment is affected by thermal disturbances, so that the magnetic moment is randomly distributed in the absence of an additional magnetic field, but when an external magnetic field is applied, the magnetic moment obtains or tends to obtain the alignment in the same direction as the external magnetic field.
7) Ferromagnetism: A phenomenon that atomic magnetic moments are approximately aligned in the same direction due to the interaction of neighboring atoms.
8)Ferrimagnetism: A phenomenon that in the absence of an external magnetic field, the neighboring atoms or ions interact with each other to make the magnetic moments to be aligned in a partially offsetting manner, which results in a combined magnetic moment.
9)Antiferromagnetism: A phenomenon that in the absence of an external magnetic field, the same neighboring atoms or ions interact with each other to make their magnetic moments is aligned in an offsetting manner, resulting in a zero combined magnetic moment.
10) Curie temperature: Transition temperature between ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism and paramagnetism. Below this temperature, the material is ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, and above this temperature, it is paramagnetic.
11) Magnetic Anisotropy: A phenomenon that objects have different magnetic properties in different directions by taking a given reference system in an object.
12) Magnetic Anisotropy Constant: A parameter indicating the magnetic anisotropy of a magnetic body, which is proportional to the magnetic anisotropy energy of the hard magnetization direction (axis) of the magnetic body.
13)F=QV×B.Magnetic Flux Density (Magnetic Induction Intensity) B: A non-scattering axis vector that determines the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field at any point in space. In the point, the force F at which the charge moves at a certain speed is equal to the charge Q multiplied by the vector product of the velocity V and the magnetic flux density B, F=QV × B.
14)Magnetic Field Intensity H: An axis vector associated with the magnetic flux density at any point in the magnetic field. The curl and divergence of the magnetic field strength H at the same point should meet the following equation:
Where, Je is the current temperature, D is the dielectric flux density or the displacement current, and M is the magnetization intensity of this point.
15) Magnetization Intensity M: A vector associated with the volume of the taken material, the value of which is equal to the ratio of the total magnetic moment within the volume of the material to the corresponding volume V.
16)Hysteresis: A phenomenon of irreversible change generated that the magnetic flux density (magnetization) varies with the magnetic field intensity. Its appearance is independent of the rate of change.
17) Hysteresis-free: A state obtained by superimposing a degaussing alternating field on a static magnetic field. The beginning of the amplitude of the degaussing alternating field can saturate the material and then gradually drop it to zero.
18) Magnetization: A phenomenon that causes the magnet to induce magnetization.
19) Hysteresis Loop: A closed magnetization curve representing hysteresis.
20) Saturation Induction Intensity Bs: Magnetic induction intensity when the magnetic material is magnetized to saturation.
21)Residual Induction Intensity Br: Magnetic induction intensity in the magnetic material when the applied magnetic field (including the self-demagnetizing magnetic field intensity) is zero.
22) Coercive Force Hc: Coercive field intensity obtained from a material saturation by a monotonously varying magnetic field.
23) Magnetic Annealing (Magnetic Field Heat Treatment): A heat treatment in which a magnetic material is processed in an external magnetic field in order to obtain a desired magnetic structure.
24)Magnetic Aging: An irreversible continuous change that the magnetic properties of a material vary with the time, which is caused by the adjustment of internal structure of the material.
25) Susceptibilityχ: An amount by which the magnetic field intensity H is multiplied by the magnetization M.
26) Absolute Permeabilityμ: Ratio of the magnetic induction intensity B of a substance to the intensity H of a magnetic field.
27) Relative Permeability μr: Ratio of the absolute permeability of a substance to the magnetic constant μ0.
28) Magnet: An object that can establish or is capable of establishing an external magnetic field.
29) Permanent Magnet: A magnet that does not consume energy but retains its magnetic field.
30) Electromagnet: A magnet that requires a current source to maintain its magnetic field.
31) Superconducting Magnet: A magnet that maintains its magnetic field by a superconductor current source.
32) 。Powder Sintered Magnetic Material: A material formed by uniformly mixing and profiling the powders of the required elements by sintering. Such as ferrite, sintered AlNiCo and sintered rare-earth magnets, etc.
33) Powder Bonded Magnet: A permanent magnet generated by uniformly mixing a fine powder (grain) of a permanent magnetic material with an organic substance such as resin or rubber. It is also called plastic bonded magnet such as bonded rare earth and ferrite.
34) Magnetic Circuit: A closed path in which magnetic flux can be mainly composed of magnetic materials.
35)Demagnetization Curve: The curve in the second or fourth quadrant of the hysteresis loop. Unless otherwise stated, it refers to the case where a monotonously varying magnetic field is demagnetized from saturation.
36) （BH）max。Magnetic Energy Product (BH Product): Product of the magnetic flux density B and the corresponding magnetic field intensity H at any point of the demagnetization curve of the permanent magnet. It is a parameter that characterizes the total stored energy in the externally generated magnetic field per unit volume of permanent magnet material. Remark: The maximum value obtained on the demagnetization curve is called the maximum magnetic energy product (BH) max.
37) Soft Magnetic Material: It generally refers to a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material with a coercive force lower than several hundred amperes per meter.
38) Hard Magnetic Material: It is also known as permanent magnetic material, generally refers to a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material with a coercive force greater than about 104 amps per meter.
39) Moment Magnetic Material: A magnetic material whose hysteresis loop is nearly rectangular and has a lower coercive force.
40) Amorphous Magnetic Alloy: A magnetic alloy whose atoms is not arranged in a long-range order of crystals, but a short-range order.
41) Magnetic Film: A thin layer of magnetic material with a thickness of 10-104Å as indicated by evaporation deposition or other techniques (e.g. sputtering).
42)Ferromagnetic Liquid: A mixed suspension containing ferromagnetic particles.
43) Common magnetic field intensity units
Gauss (Gs) (Converted 1Gs = 10-4T);
mT (Conversion1mT=10-3T);
μT (Conversion 1μT=10-6T);
nT (Conversion 1 nT=10-9T);
pT(Conversion 1pT=10-12T);
fT (Conversion 1fT=10-15T);